Vulcano in Java Indonesia

Indonesia, especially in java and Sumatra, the forming process of volcano is a result of crust crash of Indian Ocean and crust of Asia continent. The java indonesia volcano or in the south part of Indonesia formed as an encounter or crash of Australian and Eurasian plates. The volcanoes in the north side of java, formed as a result of crash between Pacific and Eurasian plates.

This giant plate keeps moving all the time. Every crash or tow, affect to the volcanic activity along this plate’s line. Often, the tectonic earthquake that resulted from the moving of plates causes volcanic earthquake inside the earth.

It can be simply explained that the friction among high-heated stones, can trigger the escalating of liquid energy inside the earth, in the form of gas, magma, and steam. This escalating energy that now called the volcano activity.

Like we said in Geographical condition of java, Java island is almost entirely of volcanic origin; it contains 33 active volcanoes. There are several active volcanoes in java island. Each of them keeps both sad and amazing story at once.

Mount of Merapi

Merapi volcano which lies in the high of 2968 meters above sea level, is the highest mountain in central java, and including the most active java indonesia volcano in Indonesia. Merapi erupted several times, one of them in 1930 where it destroyed 13 villages and killed 1400 people. Its eruption in 1006, also destroyed ancient Mataram (Javanese ancient kingdom) and buried java island with its ash.

On its eruption in 2010, had caused victims of life and properties, including its keeper, Mbah Maridjan. For details, there were more than 240 people died because of the eruption, and most of them are coming from district of Sleman, and Yogyakarta.

The spread of mount Merapi volcano covers four districts. In the south included in Sleman district,Yogyakarta, and the rest is included in Central java province (Magelang district in the west side, Boyolali district in north and east side, and Klaten district in the south east side.) the forest around the top of the mountain has become Merapi National Park since 2004.

Mount of Merapi which located between central java province and Yogyakarta nowadays tranquil and has such breathtaking scenery. When the weather is bright in Yogyakarta, from the point of royal kingdom, till Malioboro, visitors can see the beauty of the mountain from distance.

Mount of Papandayan

Mount of Papandayan is the most south side of mountains that spread from south of Bandung city, west of Java. This mountain is so popular and famous for its beauty and uniqueness.

Papandayan is one of 18 active volcanoes type A in Indonesia that needs special monitoring. In April 2008, the status of Papandayan had been increased into Cautious due to the escalating activity. The history of Papandayan eruption has been recorded at least four times of eruptions since 1600, that is in 1772, 1923-1925,1942, and in 2002.

For visitor that willing to climb the mount of Papandyan, there are several tracks that can be used. That is track from Pengalengan and Cisurupan, in the district of Garut.

If we want to climb faster, it can be done from Cisurupan, because the asphalt condition is quite good, from lower up to the top. Land transportation can also be use to fasten the climbing, but it will stop at Salada town square. From this point, we obliged to rent a guide for our next trip. Especially for those who never visit Papandayan before.

This place is largely visited by tourist, because the tourists can climb and go back only in a day. If you depart early in the morning from Bandung, you can climb its top at noon, and after enjoying the wonderful view, you can back on the afternoon.

Mount of Slamet

Mount of Slamet, with height 3432 meters above sea level is the second highest mountain in east java after mount of Semeru. It shaped like a cone and has a wide and active caldera. The biggest eruption was in july 1988, which caused flames and lava in 300 high.

Mount of Slamet lies in the border of Purbalingga district, Banjarnegara, Banyumas and Brebes. To reach top of mount Slamet, we can use several routes : from north side via Gambuhan-Jurangmangu, from south via Baturaden-Mount Mlang, and from east via Bobotsari-Bambangan.

The most recommended and safe route is from Bambangan and Jurangmangu. While visitor recommended to avoid route via Baturaden since so many wild grasses and the fields are steep and dangerous.

Mount of Bromo

Mount bromo is one of the most active java indonesia volcano, also in Indonesia. It lies in the east java province. Mount Bromo lies in the height of 2392 meters above sea level, and lies in four different regions, which are Probolinggo, Pasuruan, Lumajang and Malang district, in East Java province.

The exotics and the wonderful natural scenery attract many visitors. One of them is the vast sea sand. The sea sand approximately 10.000 sqm that makes the scenery is very worth seeing. Many domestics and foreign tourists come to visit Bromo for this reason.

Visitors can also visit Bromo early in the morning to enjoy the sunrise. To make it, you have to climb Pananjakan mount, which is the highest mount in his area.

Mount of Semeru

Mount Semeru with heights 3676 meters above sea level is the highest mountain in java island, with its top called Mahameru. Mount Semeru is one of active volcanoes in east java, which lies between Malang and Lumajang district.

Many interesting places in Semeru, such as Ranu pane, Oro-oro ombo, Kalimati, and Mahameru top. There’s one beautiful place called Ranu kumbolo that used for camping area.

Here’s you can see the of the location of all volcanoes above:

Popular terms: geography of central java, central java natural scenery, volcanic activity.

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Art and Culture of Java

Characteristics of Javanese culture is very complex. The island has a wide range of cultures, from the primitive, traditional, to modern. Like we said at overview of Java Indonesia, The majority ethnic population of Java island is Javanese and Sundanese. In general, the Javanese inhabiting the center and eastern part of Java while the Sundanese in the the western area. Every single area has its own culture and traditional art.

Jakarta has its own culture, namely “Betawi”. Which the influences reached this Special Capital District for centuries. This Betawi culture is uniquely blending Arab, Portuguese, Chinese, and Dutch elements with native ingenuity such as Malay and Sundanese has produces the colorful. The word “Betawi” is came from “Batavia”, the old name of Jakarta during the Dutch administration.

In Banten province, there are Baduy tribe. Baduy tribe in a native Banten peoples still maintain the anti-modernity, both in garments and others. Baduy tribes living in the area Kendeng Mountains. Baduy dwellings are generally located in river basins in the mountains Kendeng. Banten is also famous for its Debus art. Debus is martial art associated. This traditional and mystical arts combined with dance, voice, and magic.

In West Java province is Sundanese. Sundanese live in west area of Java island with Javanese people. Although Sundanese live in the same island with Javanese, they consider themselves a distinct cultural area called Sunda, you can read about general culture of West Java province in the past articles.

The majority of the population of Central Java are Javanese. Central Java is known as the central cultural of Javanese, where in the city of Surakarta (Solo) and Yogyakarta, there is Javanese royal palaces in this two cities that still stand today. One of the famous musical instruments of these regions is thegamelan orchestra.

A gamelan is a musical orchestra, featuring a variety of instruments such as xylophones, drums, gongs, metallophones, bamboo flutes, bowed and plucked strings. Vocalists may also be included. Javanese gamelan orchestra has a unique scales, which differ from international music, namely “Slendro” and “Pelog”. In Javanese mythology, the gamelan was created by Sang Hyang Guru in Saka Era, the god who controls all the land of Java, with palaces on the Mahendra hill in Medangkamulan (now Mount Lawu).

Wayang or Javanese puppet also the famous traditional art in the central part of Java. This traditional puppet show has been recognized by UNESCO on November 7, 2003, as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Puppet has several versions. Wayang Kulit (Shadow puppet) pretty well known in Central Java and Yogyakarta, while the Wayang Golek is more popular in West Java. There is also a puppet version played by men, known as Wayang Orang. Ketoprak also popular in this area.

Culture and customs of the East Java received a lot of influence from the Central Java, so the area is known as Mataraman; indicates that the area was once the domain of the Sultanate of Mataram in Central Java (Now at Yogyakarta and Surakarta). The area includes Madiun, Kediri, and partially Bojonegoro. Just as in Central Java, Wayang Kulit are quite popular in this region.

East Java has a number of distinctive artistry. Ludruk is one of East Java art is quite well known, namely the opera art show that all players are male. Unlike ketoprak in Central Java which tells the life of the ancient palace, ludruk told the daily life of common people, who are often spiced with humor and social criticism, and generally opened with Dance Remo and Parikan. Currently, traditional ludruk groups can be found in the area of Surabaya, Mojokerto, and Jombang, although its presence increasingly defeated by modernization. There is also a famous dance In Eastern side of Java, namely Gandrung dance.

Is a typical artistic Reog Ponorogo which has been patented since 2001, reog now also become icons of East Javanese art. Reog show accompanied by equestrians (kuda lumping) and supernatural elements. Other well-known art of East Java among others ara East Javanese style shadow puppets, Topeng Dalang in Madura, and besutan. In areas Mataraman, Middle Javanese arts such as wayang kulit and ketoprak quite popular. Famous legend from East Java, among others namely Damarwulan and Angling Darma.

Later, in the next articles we will explain more detail about each of these Java Indonesia culture.

Popular terms: java culture, javanese culture, culture of java

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Medicine and Health Care of Indonesian.

Modern public health care was begun by the Dutch to safeguard plantation workers. It expanded to hospitals and midwifery centers in towns and some rural health facilities. During the New Order public health and family planning became a priority for rural areas and about seven thousand community health centers and 20,500 sub-health centers were built by 1995. In Jakarta medical faculties exist in a number of provincial universities. Training is often hampered by poor facilities, and medical research is limited as teaching physicians also maintain private practices to serve urban needs and supplement meager salaries. Physicians and government health facilities are heavily concentrated in large cities, and private hospitals are also located there, some founded by Christian missions or Muslim foundations. Many village areas in Java, and especially those in the outer islands, have little primary care beyond inoculations, maternal and baby visits, and family planning, though these have had important impacts on health conditions.

Traditional medicine is alive throughout the archipelago. Javanese curers called dukun deal with a variety of illnesses of physical, emotional, and spiritual origin through combinations of herbal and magical means. In north Sumatra, some ethnic curers specialize; for example, Karo bonesetters have many clinics. Herbal medicines and tonics called jamu are both home blended and mass produced. Commercial brands of tonics and other medicines are sold throughout the archipelago, and tonic sellers' vehicles can be seen in remote places.

Various forms of spiritual healing are done by shamans, mediums, and other curers in urban and rural areas. Many people believe that ritual or social missteps may lead to misfortune, which includes illness. Traditional healers diagnose the source and deal with the problems, some using black arts. Bugis transvestite healers serve aristocratic and commoner households in dealing with misfortune, often becoming possessed in order to communicate with the source of misfortune. In Bali, doctors trained in modern medicine may also practice spirit-oriented healing. Accusations of sorcery and attacks on alleged sorcerers are not uncommon in many areas and are most liable to arise in times of social, economic, and political unrest.

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